Older adults (65+) also suffer from high rates of tooth decay, often due to exposed tooth root surfaces that are more susceptible to decay. Adults are more likely to have a dry mouth caused by medications or other health conditions, which increases their risk of cavities. In both children and adults, tooth decay can cause pain, time lost from school and work and tooth loss that can be disfiguring and impair eating.

We have new knowledge today about the process of tooth decay. Some people have a very difficult time avoiding cavities, however we have better information and tools than ever before to help people. There are several factors that can put people at risk for cavities and other factors that can help people avoid them. Our goal is to put as many factors as possible in our patients’ favor to lower their risk.

We usually think of a ‘cavity’ as a hole in a tooth. The hole is caused by decay-causing bacteria that can live in our mouth – an infection! Some germs in our mouth are friendly and cause us no harm, however the ones that cause cavities can be difficult to eliminate once they have established residence. While good brushing and flossing are important, often times the decay-causing bacteria cannot simply be brushed and flossed away. These microbes can be transmitted between people via saliva, such as with kissing or sharing utensils, just like a cold or flu can be passed from person to person. For this reason, it is especially important for expectant or new parents to make sure their own dental health is optimal so they can avoid passing the infection on to their children.

Some factors that make a person more likely to get cavities include a dry mouth (due to medications or medical conditions) and deep pits and grooves in the anatomy of teeth. Frequent intake of carbohydrates, including sports or energy drinks, fruit juice, dried fruit and other ’sticky’ foods also increase a person’s risk. Family members or caregivers with tooth decay increase risk, especially for children.

Factors that can lower a person’s risk of tooth decay include good oral hygiene, reduced frequency of sugar intake, dental sealants, increasing saliva flow and the use of xylitol (a naturally occuring sugar) and fluoride.

State of the art dental care involves performing a risk assessment for each patient annually. Testing of saliva can be easily and routinely done to help determine someone’s risk for getting cavities. Ask your dental care professionals what your risk level is and how you can reduce it.